Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid that has been isolated from the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata.

[2] Study has shown that andrographolide may bind to a spectrum of protein targets including NF-κB and actin by covalent modification.

[3][4] While andrographolide is a relatively simple diterpene lactone, the biosynthesis by Andrographis paniculata was determined in the 2010s.

The biosynthesis of andrographolide begins with the addition of IPP to DMAPP, which forms geranyl pyrophosphate.

A series of oxidations form a five-membered lactone in addition to adding on the alcohol groups.