[2] The reserve was set aside to protect the rare eastern sarus crane (Grus antigone sharpii).

Prior to the discovery of the crane at Trapeang Thma, there were thought to be fewer than 1,000 of the birds left alive in the world.

The entire 10,000 hectares of the protected area is contained within Phnom Srok District of Banteay Meanchey Province.

[7] Ang Trapeang Thma sanctuary is also an important conservation area for a number of other globally threatened species.

The long tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii), Asian box turtle (Cuora amboinensis), Malayan snail-eating turtle (Malayemys macrocephala), and the elongated tortoise (Indotestudo elongata) can be found within Ang Trapeang Thma.