Veterinary virology

Rhabdoviruses are a diverse family of single stranded, negative sense RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, from plants and insects, to fish and mammals.

[3] Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome.

[4] Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.

They are the cause of a wide range of diseases in cats, dog, pigs, rodents, cattle and humans.

Occasionally viruses are transmitted from this reservoir to other species and may then cause devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry or give rise to human influenza pandemics.

[7] Bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of Orbivirus genus within the Reoviridae family causes serious disease in livestock (sheep, goat, cattle).

Hosts include many economically important species such as abalone, oysters, salmon, poultry (avian infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek's disease), cattle (bovine malignant catarrhal fever), dogs, goats, horses, cats (feline viral rhinotracheitis), and pigs (pseudorabies).

Therefore, outbreaks of herpesviruses in livestock cause significant financial losses and are an important area of study in veterinary virology.

Some paramyxoviruses such as the henipaviruses are zoonotic pathogens, occurring primarily in an animal hosts, but also able to infect humans.

[15] Parvoviruses are linear, non-segmented single-stranded DNA viruses, with an average genome size of 5000 nucleotides.

Because the viruses require actively dividing cells to replicate, the type of tissue infected varies with the age of the animal.