He is serving as Minister of Labor and Social Protection of Russia in Mikhail Mishustin's Cabinet since 21 January 2020.

From August 2005 to July 2007, he worked as the head of a department of the Ministry of Finance of the Samara Oblast, after which he was appointed head of the department for the execution of the regional budget and reporting of the Ministry of Finance of the Samara Oblast, where he worked until April 2012.

He is Member of the third set of the program for the development of the personnel management reserve of the Higher School of Public Administration of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.

On 21 January 2020, by presidential decree of the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin he was appointed Minister of Labor and Social Protection in Mikhail Mishustin's Cabinet.

[1][2] In December 2022 the EU sanctioned Anton Kotyakov in relation to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.