[citation needed] From August 1985 to March 1987, Siluanov served as a senior economist for the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

[citation needed] From May 1989 to January 1992, he was a senior economist, a department head and a chief consultant and adviser for the Ministry of Finance.

[citation needed] From October 1997 to July 2003, Siluanov led macro-economic policy and banking activities at the Russian Ministry of Finance.

[3][4] Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, who announced the appointment at a government meeting on 27 September 2011, after it was approved by Medvedev, said Siluanov was a "good, solid specialist."

[citation needed] In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, on 6 April 2022 the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury added Siluanov to its list of persons sanctioned pursuant to Executive Order 14024.