Because of climate change, the presence of silver fir (Abies alba), although still widespread, has been dramatically reduced in favour of beech.

obtusatum, and A. lobelii), Sorbus aria, S. aucuparia, S. torminalis, Ulmus glabra, Tilia platyphyllos, Populus tremula, Ilex aquifolium, and the evergreen conifer yew (Taxus baccata).

italica) and relict stands of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in the northern Apennines.

nana), Sorbus chamaemespilus, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, and relict Pinus mugo on Maiella mountain.

Other native mammals include the Italian wolf (Canis lupus italicus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), the Apennine endemic Abruzzo chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata), forest cat (Felis silvestris), pine marten (Martes martes), beech marten (Martes foina), and Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra).