[7] The use of the apologetic apostrophe became less widespread[1] after the appearance of the 'Style Sheet'[8] in 1947 and is now considered unacceptable,[9] the apostrophe-less forms such as aw (all), gie (give) and wi (with) being preferable.
[10] The cluster /al/ vocalised to /aː/ and /u̞l/ to /uː/ hence spellings such as a' (all), ba' (ball), ca' (call), sa't (salt) and ha'd (hold),[11] and fu' and pu' with the doublets full [fʌl] and pull [pʌl].
L also vocalised after /o̞/ in closed syllables[10] resulting in a diphthong which became /ʌu/ in Modern Scots, for example knowe (knoll), fowk (folk), gowf (golf) and gowd (gold).
[21] The cluster ⟨nd⟩ is reduced to /n/ in some Scots dialects[22] hence spellings such as caun'le (candle), haun' (hand) and staun' (stand)[21] though the ⟨d⟩ is generally written in the literary standard, thus caundle, haund and staund.
The cluster ⟨ld⟩ is also reduced to /l/ in some Scots dialects,[22] hence spellings such as aul' (old), caul' (cold) and faul' (fold)[21] though the ⟨d⟩ is generally written in the literary standard, thus auld, cauld and fauld.