The Vicariate Apostolic of Pilcomayo (Latin: Apostolicus Vicariatus Pilcomayoënsis) is a Latin Church missionary territory or apostolic vicariate of the Catholic Church in Paraguay.
It is exempt to the Holy See, specifically the Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, and is not part of any ecclesiastical province.
Its cathedral episcopal see is the (Marian) Catedral Santa María, in Mariscal Estigarribia an area around national capital Asunción, Boquerón department.
On 14 July 1950, Pope Pius XII established the Apostolic Prefecture of Pilcomayo, on Andean territory named after the Pilcomayo River, split off from the Apostolic Vicariate of Camiri.
Pope Pius XII elevated the prefecture to Apostolic Vicariate of Pilcomayo on 14 July 1950, thus entitling it to a titular bishop.