Arcellinida

Arcellinid testate amoebae are commonly found in soils, leaf litter, peat bogs and near/in fresh water.

However a recent review suggests that sexual recombination may be the rule rather than the exception in amoeboid protists in general, including the Arcellinid testate amoebae.

The tests lie outside the cell membrane and consist of organic or mineral materials that are either secreted or incorporate external particles.

[6] Fossils of arcellinid testate amoebae date back to the Tonian stage of the Proterozoic, around 789-759 million years ago.

Phryganellina Organoconcha Volnustoma Hyalospheniformes Excentrostoma Sphaerothecina Longithecina Phryganellina Organoconcha Volnustoma Hyalospheniformes Excentrosoma Cylindrothecina Longithecina Sphaerothecina The classification of Arcellinida, as of 2019:[12][5][10] Arcellinida incertae sedis:

Representation of an arcellinid
  1. Test, cemented sand, diatom frustules
  2. Contractile vacuole , regulates the quantity of water inside a cell
  3. Mitochondrion ; creates ATP (energy) for the cell (flat cristae)
  4. Nucleolus
  5. Golgi apparatus , packages proteins
  6. Endoplasmic reticulum , the transport network for molecules going to specific parts of the cell
  7. Digestive Vacuole
  8. Lysosome , holds enzymes
  9. Phagosome , vesicle formed around a particle (prey not to scale)
  10. Xenosome , bacterium living inside cytoplasm
  11. Vesicles
  12. Lobopodia , a pseudopod or arm-like projection made of cytoplasm
  13. Prey (not to scale)