If all we perceive is sense-data then the stick's apparent initial straightness is just as likely to be false as its half-submerged bent appearance.
Unless the water is not taken into consideration, the example in fact reinforces the reliability of our visual sense to gather information accurately.
Austin,[3] is that perceptual variation which can be attributed to physical causes does not entail a representational disconnect between sense and reference, owing to an unreasonable segregation of parts from the perceived object.
Further arguments are based on the extended mind theory, which appeals to external sources of mental items.
For example, the theory holds that perception is the result of a complex interaction of mind, body and the environment.