After Shibata Katsutoyo died of illness during the Battle of Shizugatake in 1583, the area was given to the Aoyama clan.

However, the Aoyama sided with the Western Army under Ishida Mitsunari during the Battle of Sekigahara and were thus dispossessed by the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Ieyasu awarded Echizen Province to his son, Yūki Hideyasu, who in turn created a 26,000 koku subsidiary holding centered at Maruoka for his retainer, Imamura Moritsugu.

Due to Honda Narishige's efforts at the Siege of Osaka in 1624, its kokudaka was raised to 46,300 koku and he was made completely independent of Fukui Domain.

The Arima clan continued to rule Maruoka until the abolition of the han system in July 1871.

Like most domains in the han system, Maruoka consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields,[2][3] Arima Kiyozumi (有馬清純, February 14, 1644-January 26, 1703) was an Edo period daimyō.

He was born in Maruoka Castle as the eldest son of Arima Kiyozumi and became daimyō in 1703 on the death of his father.

His childhood name was Daikichi (大吉), and his name as daimyō was initially Arima Masazumi (真純), which he later changed to Sumihisa (純寿) and then to Hisazumi (寿純).

However, during his tenure the domain suffered greatly from crop failures in 1706, 1721and 1723, which led to a large-scale peasant's revolt in 1724.

His efforts to reform the domain's finances through issue of silver certificates and increasing loans had only mixed results.

He was born in Maruoka Castle as the eldest son of Arima Kazunori and became daimyō in 1733 on the retirement of his father.

He continued his father's economic recovery policies, which were greatly assisted by the opening of a copper mine in his domain in 1735.

He was fourth son of Yanagihara Masaatsu of Takada Domain, and was adopted as heir to Arima Shigezumi in 1820 and was received in formal audience by Shogun Tokugawa Ienari the same year.

He was ordered by the Tokugawa shogunate to construct the Maruyama Domain Battery against possible incursions by foreign vessels in 1852.

In 1868, he pledged fealty to the new Meiji government and served as Imperial Governor of Maruyama until the abolition of the han system in 1871.