In the engineering field of robotics, an arm solution is a set of calculations that allow the real-time computation of the control commands needed to place the end of a robotic arm at a desired position and orientation in space.
A typical industrial robot is built with fixed length segments that are connected either at joints whose angles can be controlled, or along linear slides whose length can be controlled.
If each angle and slide distance is known, the position and orientation of the end of the robot arm relative to its base can be computed efficiently with simple trigonometry.
Going the other way — calculating the angles and slides needed to achieve a desired position and orientation — is much harder.
The mathematical procedure for doing this is called an arm solution.