It had an important role in the cultural life and the movement of national awakening for the Romanians in Transylvania.
Its first president was the ethnic Romanian Orthodox Metropolitan of Sibiu — Andrei Şaguna.
Its vice-president was the Greek-Catholic priest Timotei Cipariu, and George Bariţiu was secretary.
On 7 February 1895, ASTRA decided to edit and publish a Romanian Encyclopedia under the supervision of Cornel Diaconovici.
Today, the central ASTRA library contains approximately half a million works, mostly acquired through donations of the Transylvanian population, local publishing houses, or publication exchanges organized with other libraries.