The type specimen was collected by Marcela Cáceres and Aptroot from the Comunidade Cuidado in the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractive Reserve (Sena Madureira, Acre, Brazil); there, at an elevation of 150 m (490 ft), it was found growing on bark in a rainforest.

[1] The species showcases a pale ochraceous (yellowish-brown) thallus, which is the body of the lichen, lacking a prothallus (a preliminary growth phase or border).

The thallus emits a yellow fluorescence under UV light, indicating the presence of specific chemicals.

The only chemical detected through thin-layer chromatography is lichexanthone, a xanthone compound common in some lichens and known for its yellow fluorescence under long-wavelength UV light.

[1] Astrothelium infravulcanum is corticolous, meaning it grows on tree bark, specifically within the humid and biodiverse ecosystem of a Brazilian rainforest.