A half-brother (born after his father married Brigitte Saucier) was François Chouteau, who established a trading post and was one of the first settlers of Kansas City, Missouri.
Auguste Chouteau was among the first young men from Missouri to be appointed to West Point by Thomas Jefferson.
He entered the family fur trading business, but he later served as captain of the territorial militia during the War of 1812.
He established his home in present-day Salina, Oklahoma, part of the western extent of their territory.
He also married Sophie Labbadie, a cousin of French descent, whom he kept in St. Louis while he kept the other women on the frontier.