[1] Situated on a hilltop overlooking the Kyzylkum Desert, the site encompasses the ruins of an ancient Khorezm fortress.

[2] The fortresses were part of a series of forts at the edge of the Kyzylkum Desert, which provided defence against raids by nomads and the Saka of the Syr Darya delta.

In addition to the eroded remains of defensive works, the remnants of several residential structures have been uncovered at site.

Ayaz Kala 1 was part of a chain of fortresses protecting the agricultural settlements from attacks by nomads.

The fortress is situated on the top of a hill, approximately 100 m (330 ft) high, providing wide views over the surrounding plains.

[4][5] At the southern end of the axis is a square gateway, which is a typical element of frontier fortresses of Khorezm.

The enemies' approach lies parallel to the south east walls and invaders were vulnerable to attack from above.

This chamber was overlooked on all sides by high walls from which bowmen could shoot at the enemy in case the first gate was breached.

The walls are reinforced in the 3rd century BCE by 45 watchtowers in half elliptical form, at a distance from each other of 11.5 m at the northern and of 14 m at the eastern and western sides.

It was built on the top of a conical hill, about 40 m high, situated south west of Ayaz Kala 1.

The main building is considered as a palace with residential quarters, ceremonial halls with ceilings supported by multiple columns and a fire temple, luxuriously decorated with wall paintings.