Ayyub Salah oghlu Guliyev (Azerbaijani: Əyyub Salah oğlu Quliyev; born 1 June 1954) is an Azerbaijani astronomer, researcher in the field of comets and small bodies.

He is a doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor, corresponding member of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) and a former director of the Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory.

He studied the question of the interaction of comets and planets, has predicted an existence of unknown planetary bodies in the trans-neptunian zone.

Guliyev has advanced a new theory on the origin of short-perihelion comet groups.

Guliyev has predicted the imminent opening of the Neptunian rings before their discovered.