Barbados competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004.

A total of ten athletes, nine men and one woman, competed only in five different sports.

Half of them had previously competed in Sydney, including track star and Olympic bronze medalist Obadele Thompson, and four-time Olympic skeet shooter Michael Maskell, who later became the nation's flag bearer in the opening ceremony.

[1] Barbados left Athens without a single Olympic medal, although Thompson managed to achieve a seventh-place finish in the 100 metres as the nation's highest result.

Barbadian swimmers earned qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the A-standard time, and 1 at the B-standard time):