Barbara Aland (née Ehlers, 12 April 1937 – 10 November 2024) was a German theologian and professor of New Testament Research and Church History at the University of Münster until 2002.

She was internationally recognized for her work on the Novum Testamentum Graece and the Greek New Testament, which she undertook with her husband, Kurt Aland.

[2] She was appointed professor of Church History and New Testament research, with a focus on the Christian Orient, at the Protestant Theological Faculty there in 1980.

[3] In 1983, she became director of the Institute for New Testament Textual Research, founded in 1959 by her husband, Kurt Aland, as well as of the associated Bible Museum Münster.

[2] In 1999, she became a founding member of the Academia Platonica Septima Monasteriensis, which focuses not only on the works of Plato but also on the writings of his early interpreters, spanning from ancient times to the Renaissance.