Barbara Watson Andaya (born 7 June 1943) is an Australian historian and author who studies Indonesia and Maritime Southeast Asia.
She has also done extensive research on women's history in Southeast Asia, and of late, on the localization of Christianity in the region.
In 1966 she received an East-West Center grant to study for her Master of Arts in history at the Hawaiʻi.
Subsequently, she went on to complete her Ph.D. in Southeast Asian history at Cornell University.
She is married to Leonard Andaya, a historian and scholar of similar topics at the same university.