[11] In 1971, it was first isolated by Nickerson and Hutchison from aquatic animals, suggesting that B. ranarum can survive in a wild range of ecological situations.

Older cultures have colorless zygospores (20–50 μm) with smooth, thick walls and abundant large, spherical, darkly coloured chlamydospores.

[1] It can saprophytically live in the intestines of vertebrates including amphibians (e.g. frogs, toads, salamanders, mudpuppy), reptiles (e.g. chameleons, wall geckoes, snakes, lizards, turtles), and fishes (e.g.

[9][10][12][6][22][23][24][25] In addition, studies also reported occasional presence of B. ranarum in the intestinal contents of mammals such as one bat in India[26] and the kangaroos in Australia.

[9][10][6] Next, the fungi will travel through the predator's gastrointestinal tract and might either stay a little bit longer (as long as 18 days) at or leave from the intestine along with the feces.

Eventually, the strains in those feces will end up in the soil and some of them will be further transported to decaying plant materials or other organic contents.

[5] Several enzymes produced by B. ranarum, including lipase and protease, might hydrolyze and utilize the fatty tissues of the host and contribute to the pathogenesis of the infection.

Ingestion of B. ranarum is thought to help disperse the agent through the deposition of feces at a distant place where human and other non-human animals might be exposed.

One explanation that has been offered for this observation suggests that male children in endemic regions areas were likely to use decayed leaves which might be associated with pathogenic B. ranarum strains as toilet paper following defecation.

[37] Although rarely, the agent can cause gastrointestinal disease which does not show specific vulnerable groups or risk factors.

Human infection is characterized by the single formation of enlarging, painless and firm swelling in soft tissues on extremities e.g. buttocks, thighs, perineum, trunk.

[5] Joint function is often not affected; however, a few other cases reported the subcutaneous infection transfect local muscle tissues and lymph nodes.

Then, the examination will investigate the presence of thin-walled, wide, hyaline, coenocytic hyphae and internal cleavage for the production of the sporangiospores in H&E (Haemotoxylin and Eosin) stained sections.

[1] Moreover, the histopathology test will expect a granuloma consisting of a variety of immune cells in which hypha or hyphal fragments (4–10 μm diameter) often stain bright pink in H&E sections.

Five specific antigens have been identified that can be used measured in the sera of the infected patients using antibodies conjugated to fluorescein dye.

[7] The most common treatment is taking potassium iodide (KI) on a daily basis for a half of a year to one-year period.

For the patients who can not response to KI, some successful cases with other treatments also reported that medications including cotrimoxazole,[42] amphotericin B,[25] itraconazole,[43] and ketoconazole[42] might also show beneficial effects.