Humayun had been in exile for 15 years after being forced to flee by Sher Shah Suri, a Pashtun commander who had taken control of the Mughal territories.

During his exile, Humayun spent time in Persia where he was exposed to Persian high culture and military technology.

This exposure gave him valuable insight into administration, politics, and warfare, which would later serve him well in his quest to reclaim his empire.

After defeating his brothers in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan, Humayun was able to solidify his hold over the region and return to India, where he successfully recaptured Babur's former capital of Delhi and reestablished the Mughal Empire.

The Battle of Sirhind and the defeat of the Afghans by Khizr Khan Hazara and Humayun are mentioned in the *Tazkira-Humayun and Akbar*, pages 191, 192, and 194.