Conflicts between conquistadors and rebellions End of the Neo-Inca state The Battle of Vilcaconga took place during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire from November 8–9, 1533.

Some 180 Spaniards under Francisco Pizarro were in control of major parts of the vast Inca Empire and held its emperor, Atahualpa, hostage.

The Incas still controlled large territory including their capital Cuzco, and commanders who had been ordered to stand down by a captive Atahualpa now moved south toward the Spanish, able to rally tens of thousands of soldiers.

The Incas planned well and used every advantage they could muster, fighting on about as favorable terms as possible, using the terrain, the element of surprise, and the exhaustion of the Spanish advance force.

The Incas attacked a Spanish advance group of forty horsemen led by Hernando de Soto late in the day on November 8.