Belonogaster juncea is a typical quasisocial paper wasp from sub-saharan Africa and south-western Asia.

When the original foundress disappears the remaining females fight for dominance, leading to a reduction in breeding success.

[2] Studies of B. juncea have discerned four behavioural roles for individual adult wasps in a colony.

Reproduction is reserved to one individual and the "workers"’ are divided into foragers, builders and guards.

Guards are those females that spend most of their time being inactive on the nest to defend it and its contents from threats.