Belzebub is a genus of prawns in the family Luciferidae.

[2] They are very small planktonic and benthic prawns with an extreme lateral compression of the carapace with elongated mandibles and anteriors of the pereiopods but lacking pereiopods 4 and 5 and any gills.

[3] Belzebub is distinguished from the related Lucifer by have medium length eyestalks and by both sexes having similar eyes, in the species in Lucifer there is sexual dimorphism in the size of the eyes.

In addition, the ventral process of the two on the male's sixth segment is straight and tapering rather than curved and obtuse.

They chose it because it is an alternative name for the devil who is also referred to as Lucifer, although in the case of the genus Lucifer the name literally means "light bearer" in Latin referring to the bioluminescence produced by the prawns in that genus.