Bench (geology)

In geomorphology, geography and geology, a bench or benchland is a long, relatively narrow strip of relatively level or gently inclined land bounded by distinctly steeper slopes above and below it.

Benches can be of different origins and created by very different geomorphic processes.

[1] First, the differential erosion of rocks or sediments of varying hardness and resistance to erosion can create benches.

Second, other benches are narrow fluvial terraces created by the abandonment of a floodplain by a river or stream and entrenchment of the river valley into it.

Finally, a bench is also the name of a narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff created by waves or other physical or chemical erosion near the shoreline.