Benjamin Winslow Dudley (April 12, 1785 – January 20, 1870) was an American surgeon and academic in Kentucky, United States.

Trained at the University of Pennsylvania, in London, and in Paris, he performed hundreds of lithotomy, trephinations and treated aneurysms.

He served as a professor of medicine at Transylvania University from 1817 to 1850, where he taught many future physicians who treated members (and later veterans) of the Confederate States Army.

[1] By the age of one, in 1786, he moved to Bryan Station, Kentucky, an early fortified settlement near Lexington, with his parents and six siblings.

[1] Dudley took a break from his studies to get on a flatboat along the Mississippi River to buy flour and sell it for profit to Europeans.

[3] He also studied in Paris, where one of his professors was no other than Baron Dominique Larrey, Emperor Napoleon's personal physician.

[7] Many of his students who became physicians in their own rights, went on to treat members of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War of 1861–1865, and later veterans.

[1] His portrait, painted by Matthew Harris Jouett in 1825–1826, can be seen at the Frick Collection on the Upper East Side of New York City.