Beulah lies along State Highway 78 about 21 miles southwest of Pueblo, in the foothills of the Wet Mountains.

Signal to the south and southeast, and a prominent ridge that forms the north through east sides of the valley.

Due to its location along the east-facing foothills of the Wet Mountains, Beulah is prone to significant orographic enhancement of precipitation in the form of heavy cold-season snowfall as well as significant rain in warm months mostly (in the latter case) due to effects of the North American Monsoon.

Per the Trewartha climate classification system, Beulah clearly falls into class D (Dcb or Dcbo) as only five months of the year have a mean temperature above 10 °C and like Köppen is too wet to be classified as semi-arid or steppe (Köppen BSk) found over the vast majority of eastern Colorado and the High Plains.

The record low is -18 °F, set on February 2, 2011; though colder temps are much more likely from lower creek-bottom locations within the valley.