Bieberite

[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Bieberite primarily occurs as a secondary mineral, forming in cobalt-bearing arsenide and sulfide deposits through oxidation.

[4] Natural bieberite crystals may have a small amount of cobalt lattice sites instead occupied by magnesium and copper (Palache et al., 1960).

[10] Aside from the type locality at Hesse, Germany bieberite has been found in multiple countries in Europe, North and South America, and Africa, as well as in Japan.

[18] Bieberite was identified in volcanic cave settings for the first time at Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica and reported in 2018.

[19] The mineral roemerite was identified at Island Mountain, Trinity County, California in the United States of America for the first time in association with bieberite along with pyrrhotite, claudetite, goslarite, fibroferrite, and morenosite and a description of the mineral from the site published in 1927.