Bietigheim station was opened on 11 October 1847 along with the Ludwigsburg–Bietigheim section of the Northern Railway, connecting Stuttgart with Heilbronn.

Karl Etzel proposed in 1845 the more northerly branch in Bietigheim, since the Enz valley was at its narrowest there and therefore a shorter and lower bridge was required than under the original plan.

In February 1846 the Württemberg Treasury agreed to the construction of the Bietigheim Enz Valley Viaduct.

At the time Etzel was courting the daughter of Württemberg Finance Minister, Karl von Gärttner, who came from Bietigheim, and they were married in 1847.

This gave rise to speculation that Etzel's father-in-law favoured a junction that was close to his home.

The railway line to Backnang was not rebuilt and the section between Bietigheim and Beihingen-Heutingsheim (now Freiberg am Neckar) was closed.

Stuttgart suburban trains were extended to Bietigheim with the electrification of the Ludwigsburg-Bietigheim section in October 1950.

The first station building of the Rundbogenstil ("round arch style"), which was common at the time, was probably designed by Michael Knoll.

It had a continuous gable roof and a clear horizontal division between the ground and first floor.

Helmuth Conradi, who also designed the new Heidelberg Hauptbahnhof, planned it as a two-story building with a one-story annex.

The station's roof extends to the right and left of the lobby and connected to a four-story tower with a clock, which appears to be part of the same building.

Karlsruhe Stadtbahn services start on platform track 3, running towards Vaihingen (Enz).