Zuffenhausen station was opened by the Royal Württemberg State Railways on 15 October 1846.

It was built as part of the Central Railway (Centralbahn) between Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg and had a one-story station building.

From the early 1860s, the State Railways planned a line from Stuttgart to the Northern Black Forest.

After long controversy over a route via Böblingen or via Zuffenhausen,[4] the Württemberg parliament (Landtag) approved on 13 August 1865 a route for the Black Forest Railway that branched off the Northern Railway in Zuffenhausen and ran via Leonberg and Weil der Stadt to Calw.

In 1868, Carl Julius Abel built a new, larger station building adequate for the increased ridership.

The Great Depression hit Zuffenhausen particularly hard and led to a sharp decline in tax revenues.

It was one of a small number of stations in Württemberg that had survived World War II to be later demolished and replaced.

It also served individual services of the Württemberg Railway Company (Württembergische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) running between Feuerbach and Weissach until 2012.