In 1924, he was awarded a Ph.D. degree in anthropology from Harvard University, for his thesis on "The Racial basis of the Caste System in India" (which he defended before Roland Dixon and Earnest Hooton).
Human civilisation is a product of admixture and it is better to reserve the use of the term race in the exclusive biological domain[8] Apart from Indian tribes, he also did some research on North American Indians[9] As anthropologist Kelli M. Kobor of the George Mason University observed in The Transfer of Anthropological Power in India: The Life and Work of Biraja Sankar Guha (1894–1961): Although he is largely forgotten today, B. S. Guha ranks among the most prominent South Asian anthropologists of this century and served as the founder-Director of the Anthropological Survey of India.
...First, Guha's diverse training and professional experience—his undergraduate degree was from the University of Calcutta, his Ph.D. from Harvard, with fieldwork in both South Asia and the U.S.—belies the stereotype of colonial-era anthropologists as intellectually dependent on European models.
Second, Guha's work demonstrates the global dimensions of race theory, which is generally viewed as a local or regional phenomenon.
Guha was the first anthropologist in India who led a thoroughgoing field survey by a multidisciplinary team on the social tensions among the refugees of the then East Pakistan for suggesting the government about how to understand their problem and improve their living conditions.
[14] Guha also wrote on social anthropological and sociological topics like material culture, youth dormitories, place of aborigines in national life, culture contact, tribal welfare and administration and role of social sciences in nation building.