The river's watershed consists of approximately 202 square miles (520 km2) in southeastern Vermont, almost all of which lies in Windsor County.
Winding its way toward the town of Ludlow, its narrow flow picks up a variety of small brooks and streams and is cooled by overhanging branches.
Tumbling through impressive Cavendish Gorge, the river widens as it passes under the Downers Covered Bridge and enters Perkinsville.
The North Branch of the Black River, its headwaters in Reading, joins the main stem in Weathersfield at the flood control dam.
The small tributary streams overflowed their banks, releasing thousands of gallons of cold water into the Black River.