At the time of his father's death in 1309, Bolesław succeeded him as ruler of all his lands together with his brothers as co-rulers; however, because he was a minor, was placed under the care of his mother until his majority in 1312.

Despite he was legally a minor, he was present with his older brothers Henry IV the Faithful and Konrad I in their negotiations in Berlin, where on 3 March 1310, they solemnly renounced to their rights over Gdańsk Pomerania to Brandenburg in exchange to a monetary compensation (due to the insolvency of the princes of Głogów, they were forced to pledge to the House of Ascania the towns of Krosno Odrzańskie and Żagań, who were only recovered in 1319.

Firstly, the pretensions of Władysław I the Elbow-high and the princes of Legnica-Brzeg-Wroclaw (Bolesław III the Generous and Henry VI the Good).

These losses originated further rebellions of the Greater Poland inhabitants, who were complete dissatisfied with the multiple government of the brothers.

Bolesław died unexpectedly by April 1321 year and was buried in the Piast Mausoleum in the Cistercian monastery of Trzebnica.