Bolkhov (Russian: Бо́лхов) is a town and the administrative center of Bolkhovsky District in Oryol Oblast, Russia, located on the Nugr River (Oka's tributary), 56 kilometers (35 mi) from Oryol, the administrative center of the oblast.

[2] After the Mongol invasion of Rus', it became the seat of a local princely dynasty, whose descendants may be traced until the 19th century.

It was there that the army of Vasily IV was defeated by False Dmitry II in 1608.

During World War II, Bolkhov was occupied by the German Army from October 9, 1941 to July 28, 1943.

By far the largest church in the city is the Savior's Transfiguration Cathedral, built in 1841–1851 to a design by one of Konstantin Thon's disciples.