The municipality has boundaries with Aragarças, Baliza, Caiapônia, Piranhas, and Montes Claros de Goiás.

The main areas of employment in 2007 were commerce, small transformation industries, agriculture, public administration, and the informal economy.

In the middle of the nineteenth century Manoel Perdigão discovered gold at a place called Buriti on the banks of the Macacos River.

A chapel was built in 1914 and Dona Ana Rufina de Faria donated lands for a future town.

In 1924 Bom Jardim was elevated to the category of district in the municipality of Rio Bonito, which is present-day Caiapônia.