Bosand was strategically located on the trade route between Chaghaniyan and Samarkand, passing through the Iron Gate.

Mesolithic era "magic bull hunt" wall paintings can be seen nearby in the Kugitang Mountains.

In the 19th century, Boysun was a center of one of the three bekliks in the Bukhara Emirate in the Surxondaryo region, and it was inhabited by the indigenous Uzbek population.

Boysun lies in a valley running through a hilly region and overlooked by the Boysuntoq Ridge of the Gissar Range, which rises to 3,100 metres (10,200 ft) here and as even higher to the west.

This connects with the M39 to the west near Shorab, leading to Dehqonobod, Gʻuzor, Shahrisabz and Samarkand further north, and to Akkurgon and Termez further south.

This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on 18 January 2008 in the Mixed (Cultural and Natural) category.