Bubble chamber

It was invented in 1952 by Donald A. Glaser,[1] for which he was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics.

It is normally made by filling a large cylinder with a liquid heated to just below its boiling point.

Charged particles create an ionization track, around which the liquid vaporizes, forming microscopic bubbles.

Bubble density around a track is proportional to a particle's energy loss.

Bubbles grow in size as the chamber expands, until they are large enough to be seen or photographed.

Fermilab 's disused 15-foot (4.57 m) bubble chamber
The first tracks observed in John Wood 's 1.5-inch (3.8 cm) liquid hydrogen bubble chamber, in 1954.