Cajamarca (Spanish pronunciation: [kaxaˈmaɾka]; Quechua: Kashamarka; Aymara: Qajamarka) is a department and region in Peru.

It is located in the north part of the country and shares a border with Ecuador.

Part of its territory includes the Amazon Rainforest, the largest in the world.

The oldest known irrigation canals in the Americas are located in the Nanchoc District of Cajamarca Department.

[citation needed] Cajamarca had long been one of the oldest cities in South America when the Spanish arrived in their conquest of Peru.