Such a probe design allows collecting optical signals, usually photoluminescence (PL) or Raman scattering, with a subwavelength resolution, breaking the diffraction limit.
[1][3] The campanile probe is attached to an optical fiber, which both provides a laser excitation of the studied sample and collects the measured signal.
[4] Campanile probes are typically fabricated as follows: a standard cylindrical single-mode optical fiber is etched with hydrofluoric acid to create a conical tip with a radius of ca.
Then a square pyramid is carved on the tip using focused ion beam (FIB) milling, and its two facets are coated with a metal by shadow evaporation.
[3] Alternative fabrication method uses nanoimprint lithography to replicate campanile pyramid from a mold.