Although legally a division of the CNA, the CNS operated independently from the start, with its own volunteer Council (Board of Directors), its own mandate, its own activities, and its own budget.
The CNS is governed by a council, acting as its board of directors, consisting of an executive committee and nine - sixteen members-at-large.
The 2017–2018 executive committee consists of: Daniel Gammage (president), Peter Ozemoyah (past president), John Luxat (1st vice-president and president-elect), Keith Stratton (2nd vice-president), Mohamed Younis (treasurer), Colin Hunt (secretary), Ken Smith (financial administrator), Ben Rouben (executive director), Peter Easton (communications director), and John Roberts (chair of the Education and Communications Committee).
The CNS is structured along five main technical Divisions (Design & Materials, Fuel Technologies, Nuclear Operations & Maintenance, Nuclear Science & Engineering, and Environment & Waste Management), whose main activities are to organize and conduct workshops, courses, symposia, or conferences within their respective technical areas.
At the local level across the country, the CNS includes fourteen branches (nine in Ontario, one in each of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Quebec, and New Brunswick) The CNS is affiliated with several "sister" nuclear societies around the world, and is also an organizational member of the Engineering Institute of Canada (EIC).