The first line in operation was the S1, running hourly between Spittal-Millstättersee and Friesach via Klagenfurt, with a half-hourly frequency between Villach and St. Veit an der Glan.

[1][2] The S3 began operation on 1 August 2011 between Klagenfurt and Weizelsdorf, with connecting bus service to Feistritz im Rosental and other destinations.

[7] The introduction of the S4 coincided with the closure of the Gail Valley railway line [de] beyond Hermagor.

The S3 was formally extended east from Klagenfurt to Wolfsberg via Bleiburg, and two new weekend-only services were added: the S21, running from Villach to Jesenice (in Slovenia), and the S41, running from Villach to Tarvisio Boscoverde (in Italy).

As of the December 2022 timetable change,[update] the Carinthia S-Bahn has five services.