Caroline is a town in Tompkins County, New York, United States.

The area was first settled circa 1794 while the region was still part of Tioga County.

Charles R. Gleason (1830-1907), Wisconsin businessman and politician, was born in Caroline.

The east and south town lines are the border of Tioga County.

Caroline Elementary School serves the northern and central portions of the town.

Students in the town of Caroline are dispersed into several school districts: Dryden, Ithaca, Candor, and Newark Valley.