Carybdea

See text Carybdea is a genus of venomous box jellyfish within the family Carybdeidae that currently consists of a total of 8 species.

Cubozoans are referred to as box jellyfish due to the fact that when viewing the transverse section of the bells they appear to be in the shape of a square.

[6] A recent study posed the question of whether or not the species C. marsupialis, found in Caribbean waters, is part of the genus Carybdea.

This species can be found in temperate, tropical, and subtropical locations during the warmer months of the year for mating.

More specifically, Carybdea sivickisi are commonly found in warm waters of the Western Pacific Ocean ranging from Japan to New Zealand.

[10] The fertilized egg will then form into a planula (jellyfish larvae) that will travel around until it colonizes on the seafloor.

[10] A study conducted in 2005 reveals an additional stage that the species Carybdea marsupialis carries out.

The study concluded that the proliferation could be from a couple of factors such as climate change, food availability, and overfishing.

[12] Another possible component is the man-made structures such as docks, marinas, and breakwaters that allow for more planula settlement and asexual reproduction of the polyp stage.

[14] C. rastoni can be painful upon impact and result in linear and frequently four in number, ranging from 10 to 20 cm long.

[15] A study done to evaluate the neurotoxicity of the C. marsupialis showed that this species stings can be harmful since the venom encompasses molecules that target ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors expressed in the nervous system of vertebrates.

[14] Carybdea is one of three genera whose sting can result in Irukandji syndrome which includes delayed pain due to severe muscle cramping, vomiting, anxiety, restlessness, sweating, and prostration.

A popular remedy for the pain, inflammation, and any remaining tentacle pieces from the sting is vinegar.

When stings occur vinegar can come to the rescue by inactivating the nematocyst (specialized cells in the tentacles of jellyfish).

[15] A controversial topic surrounding the treatment of jellyfish stings is whether or not to apply a pressure-immobilization bandage.

[15] Currently, the Australian Resuscitation Council suggests that the most effective treatment is to soak the area with vinegar and transport it to a healthcare facility as needed until further research is conducted.

[19] However, due to their powerful stinging abilities, some species of Carybdea are known to capture and kill various small invertebrates, including shrimp, and fish.

For example, some of the most prominent predators of Carybdea alata include sea turtles, batfish, butterfish, and crabs.