Charles II Gonzaga (22 October 1609 – 30 August 1631) was the son of Charles I, Duke of Mantua,[1] and Catherine de Lorraine-Guise (also known as Catherine de Mayenne).

In 1621, he succeeded his uncle Henri de Lorraine-Guise as Duke of Mayenne.

In 1627 he married his cousin Maria Gonzaga, Marquise of Montferrat and heiress to the Duchy of Mantua.

[2] However, Cesare II Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla and Emperor Ferdinand II rejected her claim to Mantua, leading to the War of Mantuan Succession (1628–1631).

Charles was never Duke of Mantua since he died at Cavriana six years before his father.