Located in the northern part of the county along the Michigan border, it borders the following townships: The unincorporated communities of Advance, Denson, Inlet and Oakshade are located in Chesterfield Township.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[6] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.

Students from the township are served by the following public local school district:[7] Mail is delivered in the township by the following U.S. Post Office locations:[8] Most of the township is within the Chesterfield telephone exchange, which is served by Windstream Ohio, with telephone numbers using the following Numbering Plan Code:[9] A northwestern portion is served by the Lyons telephone exchange, which is delivered by UTO (United Telephone Company of Ohio,) doing business as CenturyLink, with the following codes: The southern section of the township is within the Wauseon exchange, again served by UTO, DBA CenturyLink: Toledo Edison and Midwest Energy Cooperative serve the township with electricity.

[10] Morenci Area EMS in Morenci, Michigan serves most of the township,[11] with Lyons Fire/EMS serving an eastern portion, and Wauseon Fire/EMS serving a small area in the south.