[2] Per Japanese census data,[3] the population of Chiyoda has remained relatively steady over the past 60 years.

The villages of Tominaga, Eiraku, and Nagae were created within Ōra District, Gunma Prefecture on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system after the Meiji Restoration.

Chiyoda has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 12 members.

Chiyoda, together with the other municipalities in Ōra District contributes three members to the Gunma Prefectural Assembly.

In terms of national politics, the town is part of Gunma 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.