[3][4][5] Chronic bacterial prostatitis occurs in less than 5% of patients with prostate-related non-BPH lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

[citation needed] Dr. Weidner, Professor of Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Gießen, has stated: "In studies of 656 men, we seldom found chronic bacterial prostatitis.

[7] In theory, the ability of some strains of bacteria to form biofilms might be one of the factors that facilitate the development of chronic bacterial prostatitis.

[citation needed] Antibiotics are effective in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis and are a first-line therapy for the condition.

[11] A blood–prostate barrier exists that prevents many antibiotics from penetrating the prostate and achieving adequate antibacterial concentrations.

[11][18] Although antibiotics are effective in the curative treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis, recurrence rates are high and range from 25 to 50%.

[19] Levofloxacin (the levorotatory enantiomer of ofloxacin) has been found to reach prostatic fluid concentrations that are 5.5 times higher than those of the same dose of ciprofloxacin.

[19][16] Another limitation of moxifloxacin for such purposes is that it may have greater safety concerns than other fluoroquinolones, for instance higher cardiovascular risks.

[16] Other fluoroquinolones that have also been used and found effective in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis include norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, and prulifloxacin.

[24][16] Aside from fluoroquinolones, certain other antibiotics with the potential for improved activity, including minocycline, tigecycline, linezolid, daptomycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin, have also been used limitedly off-label in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis with reported success.

[12][28] Clinical findings of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis are also mixed, with reports of high rates of both success[26][29][30] and failure.

[34] Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) by electrocautery was done in 110 patients, and in these individuals, symptoms were cured in 70%, improved in 15%, and unchanged in 15%.

[7][39] Persistent infections may be helped in 80% of patients by the use of alpha blockers (α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists) or by long-term low-dose antibiotic therapy.

[25][40] Prostate-penetrant nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like celecoxib and rofecoxib, as well as possibly ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac, can also be used as analgesics to treat pain and inflammation in chronic bacterial prostatitis.

[42][43] The drug works by being selectively and pH-dependently decomposed in acidic environments like the bladder into the active form formaldehyde, which is potently bactericidal.

[42] Since formaldehyde is only formed from methenamine in acidic environments, it is not expected to be effective in the curative treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis, and hence is not recommended for such purposes.