It was one of the first streets laid out after the town's population moved inland from the Broad Cove area in the 19th century.

The street is named for the Old Baptist Meetinghouse, which stands opposite its western end.

John and Julie Dunn ran a store at 3 Church Street.

It is believed that Otis Briggs Pratt built the house at 14 Church Street, on land owned by Silas Merrill, between 1807 and 1812.

It later served as the homestead for the potter Nathaniel Foster and remained in the family until 1910.