Most of the epitaphs on the tombstones were written in Oghur languages, of which Chuvash is the only extant member.
While these epitaphs cannot be considered full-fledged literary works, they do record the Chuvash language of the Golden Horde.
For example, one 1767 poem by an anonymous writer praised Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia: Пелмастапар абирь тя минь барас парня, Сана, чиберь патша, пора-мырынь Ання, Jоратнышан пире.
Памалых сяванжен, нимень сjок чон анчах, — Парня вырня полдар вулда аппинь санах!
The highest achievement of the Chuvash literature of this period may be a poem by Mikhail Fedorov (1848-1904), titled "Arzuri."
[7] The formal starting point of this period is considered to be 1886, when Ivan Yurkin (1863-1943) began his literary career by writing his first short story.
Yurkin's major works of literature include "Wealth" and "The Man is Full, But His Eyes Were Hungry."